Vaccination is one of the necessary tools to eliminate paratuberculosis. Many countries that have eradicated tuberculosis are vaccinating against paratuberculosis with oil adjuvanted live or inactivated vaccines. Vaccination induces a good humoral and cell mediated immunity. In order to reduce the possible strong local reaction, studies were done and various vaccination schemes using different kinds of emulsions and different ways of injection were tested on sheep. It seems possible to obtain vaccination procedures providing a satisfactory immunity and an improved safety. The intradermal route has been compared to the subcutaneous route for the administration of the vaccine. Results demonstrate an improved safety and an at least equivalent activity (complement fixation test and delayed hypersensitivity) when using the intradermal route.