The
National Johne's Demonstration Herd Project (NJDDHP) in the
United States was initiated to evaluate the long-term feasibility
and effectiveness of management practices to control Johne's
disease on dairy and beef cattle operations. The NJDDHP started in
2003 and includes approximately 90 beef and dairy operations in 17
states. All herds began with culture-confirmed Mycobacterium
avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP) on the operation,
and all herd owners agreed to make efforts to control exposure of
young cattle to adult cow fecal contamination. A Cox Proportional
Hazards model was used to evaluate incidence of fecal shedding
while adjusting for effects of herd. Cows were divided into 3
cohorts: -2 = cows born 13-24 months prior to program
participation, -1 = cows born 1-12 months prior to program
participation, and 0 = cows born 0-11 months after beginning the
program. Results to date indicate that after three years of
follow-up, dairy cattle born since the beginning of the project had
a significantly decreased risk of being fecal culture positive and
of fecal shedding at moderate to high levels compared to cattle
born 2 years prior to the start of the project (Fecal-culture
positive: Cohort -1: HR 0.61, p=0.08; Cohort 0: HR 0.49, p<0.02;
Fecal shedding at moderate-to-high levels: Cohort -1: HR 0.77,
p=0.36; Cohort 0: HR 0.49, p=0.02) . In beef herds, there was not a
significant decrease in risk, but there are fewer enrolled beef
herds. These results suggest that management efforts initiated
since the beginning of the project were effective in reducing
incidence MAP. However, further analysis is needed to identify
those efforts that have the greatest effect on incidence.