Paratuberculosis in Thailand was first observed in an imported bull in 1981 and the criteria of diagnosis were based on chronic diarrhea and pathological examination. Since 1987, the serological testing has been carried out using complement fixation test (CFT) for detecting an antibody against Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). From 1987 to 1996, the testing was focused on dairy infected herds at which the percentage of sero-positive results was ranged from 0.58% - 13.17%. During 1997-2006, serum samples from both of dairy and beef cattle throughout the country were conducted for serological surveys. The result of sero-positive animals was 0.37%-1.53%. Thirty heads of sero-suspected cattle tested during 1991-2005 were examined. Fourteen of 30 cattle were diagnosed as paratuberculosis based on serological tests, bacterial culture and/or pathological examination. Among those confirmed infected animals, 6 out of 14 (42.86%) cattle were imported from foreign countries. In addition to the serological routine diagnosis, the fecal samples were also collected for bacterial detection by acid-fast staining. The result showed 24 positive samples out of 3,970 fecal samples, including 12 fecal samples from the infected cattle. For a successful control of paratuberculosis, the field veterinary official were trained, and they were expected to play an important role in giving advices to farmers who will eventually succeed the program. At present, control of paratuberculosis has been accomplished by performing bovine serological survey throughout the country in order to evaluate the disease status. For those sero-positive cattle, fecal samples have to be collected for acid-fast staining and/or cultivation. Therefore, paratuberculosis is included, together with brucellosis and tuberculosis, to the National Control Program.