Several novel antigens of
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP),
have been studied as vaccine components and their immunogenicity
has been evaluated. 85 antigen complex (85A, 85B, and 85C),
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and 35kDa protein of MAP has been found
to induce significant lymphocyte proliferation as well as
Th1-associated cytokine response. Based on these results, we cloned
and expressed 85A, 85B, and 85C, SOD, and 35kDa protein genes into
eukaryotic expression plasmid pVR1020. C57BL/6 mice were immunized
three times intramuscularly with the recombinants as a DNA cocktail
and pVR1020 vector DNA alone as control. A significant reduction
has been detected in the bacterial burden of the spleen and liver
of mice immunized with DNA cocktail in contrast to the control
group. Also, the relative liver and spleen histopathology data
paralleled with the MAP culture results and showed more multifocal
granuloma and acid-fast bacilli in the control animals. Moreover,
mice immunized with DNA cocktail developed both CD4+ and
CD8+ T cell responses to the recombinant antigens and
showed significant lymphocyte proliferation. The Th1 response
related cyokine (IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α) gene expression
levels increased in immunized animals. The results of ELISPOT assay
also revealed an increase in the number of IFN-γ secreting
cells in the immunized group than the control group, indicating a
Th1 type of response.These results indicate that the use of
recombinant DNA vaccine cocktail can induce protective immune
response against MAP infection with a predominant Th1 response.